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The CDA Challenge, Update #8
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By Declan McCullagh / •••@••.••• / Redistribute freely
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In this update: BYU/CMU's Olsen testifies that "-L18" won't harm the Net
Judges realize Olsen is a weasel
Chief Judge Sloviter's incisive questions
Who is Donna Rice? A DoJ attorney can't stop laughing...
Closing arguments now set for May 10
April 18, 1996
PHILADELPHIA -- The U.S. Department of Justice doesn't like the way
the Communications Decency Act is written.
During the the testimony that ended April 15 in Philadelphia's Federal
court, we've started to see the DoJ's legal strategy emerge -- and it
includes attempts to redefine the CDA.
The DoJ's star witness was the amazingly prudish Dan "I'm offended by
four-letter words" Olsen, who said that his plan to have service
providers card users and tag 'em as adults or minors is a fabulous way
to go. But this shifts the burden of protecting kids from smut onto
ISPs, a proposal that Congress rejected when they included "good
faith" defenses in the law.
Olsen, who will fit in just fine when he takes a job this summer as an
administrator at censorhappy Carnegie Mellon University, also kept
pushing the other half of his plan that would require all "patently
offensive" online content be tagged "-L18."
On Monday, the DoJ's very own attack-ferret Jason Baron asked Olsen:
"Your proposal would not have an adverse effect on the Net as a whole?
Olsen deadpanned: "Absolutely not!"
This isn't surprising. To Olsen, the Internet is just a bunch of geeks
who want to keep everyone else out of their own little world.
When U.S. Third Circuit Court of Appeals Chief Judge Dolores Sloviter
asked him if his "-L18" system would develop side-by-side with PICS,
Olsen replied: "If technical people were left to themselves, it would
be likely to happen. I don't think this is true here. Internet people
don't like other people telling them what to do. They're afraid of the
FCC. They don't want anyone else messing in their pond."
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JUDGES REALIZE OLSEN IS A WEASEL
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Even the judges could tell that Olsen is a weasel.
The three judges hearing our challenge to the CDA were unsympathetic
to the Brigham Young University computer scientist and pinned him down
for almost an hour as he tried to slime away from direct questions.
Judge Stewart Dalzell is the most net-savvy judge on the panel and the
only one with young kids, so I'm guessing they're helping him to grok
the Net. He asked Olsen what would happen if U.S. citizens
automatically cache overseas material, including "indecent" files.
Again Olsen tried to weasel away from the hypothetical, but Dalzell
would have none of it: "You assumed away my question."
The DoJ witness grumpily admitted: "I'd turn the cache off."
Some of Dalzell's questions were stellar: "Assume a chat group is
talking about the CDA -- students from 13 to 18. In the course of the
chat, an 18-year-old is exasperated and types in 'Fuck the CDA.' Is it
your proposal that he should tag that '-L18?'"
Not hesitating, Olsen said: "Yes."
On the fight-censorship mailing list I maintain, Mark Stein writes:
Judge Dalzell was paraphrasing closely from Cohen v. California, a
seminal case in which the Supreme Court overturned the conviction of
a man who was arrested for wearing a jacket with "Fuck The Draft"
painted on the back. This Olsen fellow's a government witness, you
say? Sounds like he's working for us.
Some of Dalzell's other questions were equally fab: "If in one issue
of the Economist the word 'fuck' appears, the library [putting it
online] would have to go through the entire text of the issue?"
Olsen replied: "Somebody would have to make this screening. Somebody
would have to make this judgement." (Later he invented the idea of
libraries banding together to pool resources to make these decisions.
I could feel the hackles of the American Library Association folks
rising. I swear, Olsen makes up these mind-fucks on the fly.)
Remember Judge Buckwalter? I wrote about him in my first CDA Update,
saying that he was the least comfortable with our cybersuit:
In an incomprehensible decision last month, Judge Ronald Buckwalter
granted us only a _partial_ restraining order preventing the Feds
from enforcing the CDA. Now he's justifying his original mistake by
taking a critical stance during this hearing...
Buckwalter has come around. Last Friday his comments indicated he was
starting to understand the issue. His questions to Olsen on Monday
showed that he finally "gets it":
Q: If the creator of the material doesn't buy into your system, it
creates a big problem... Does this mean plaintiff's proposal makes
more sense?
A: No. There are different types of proposals...
Q: On your declaration, determining which are adults, you don't
address economic claims?
A: I only address if it's technically possible.
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CHIEF JUDGE SLOVITER'S INCISIVE QUESTIONS
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Chief Judge Sloviter's questions were the most incisive -- like
Dalzell, she admitted to doing a bit of out-of-court net surfing. She
asked Olsen if "children would be blocked from accessing parts of
museum collections?" Olsen admitted they would.
Some other questions from Sloviter:
Q: Would [your -L18 proposal] contain the seeds that the government
can do the blocking? Once everything is tagged as -L18, would
that facilitate any one entity saying this material should not
go out on the Internet?
A: Possibly.
Q: Can you think of any time in our history where we have blocked
material in advance?
A: Yes, every editor in every newspaper does this every day.
Q: But in an organized manner?
A: Every editor in every newspaper does this every day.
The EFF's Mike Godwin says:
That Sloviter asked this question is incredibly important -- it
shows that she recognizes that compliance with the Communications
Decency Act would amount to a complex system of prior restraints.
Even among those who disagree strongly about the scope of the First
Amendment, there is little disagreement about the general
prohibition of prior restraints on publication -- the only generally
acknowledged exception to this prohibition is the "national
security" exception (publication of troop movements during time of
war and the like). In previous obscenity/indecency cases, it has
long been established that prior restraints on publication are
impermissible.
The strangest point of the day came after Olsen testified that a
PICS-style third-party rating system would "slow the flow." (This was
a snide reference to Vanderbilt Professor Donna Hoffman's testimony
about how uninterrupted "flow" was important while web-surfing.)
Sloviter then asked him how an adult would show -L18 tagged materials
to a mature child. Olsen replied that a "teacher or parent could log
on." Sloviter parried: "Wouldn't that slow the flow?"
At this point, Olsen began to discharge a series of short, staccato
bursts of high-pitched giggles, sounding like a rabbit being tortured
to death. Damnedest thing I ever saw. The audience stared in horror.
Basically, the DoJ fucked up with this witness. Olsen was such a
censorhappy nut and so delighted with his "-L18" scheme that the court
realized it went too far -- that it was obviously unconstitutional.
In other words, he was our best witness.
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WHO IS DONNA RICE? A DOJ ATTORNEY CAN'T STOP LAUGHING...
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I would have loved to have been in Washington, DC when Grey Flannel
Suit -- AKA AFSADAFOSICCI* Howard Schmidt -- was deposed on April 1.
Imagine an entire business day filled with nothing but talk of
cyberporn, with everyone trying to be serious and lawyerly. Some
representative samples, from page 244 of Grey Flannel's deposition:
A: The next one, the same [screen] with panties.jpg reflects the
image that appears on the screen after clicking on Panties.
A: The next one, the same [screen] with boobs.jpg reflects the image
that appears on the screen after clicking on Boobs.
A: And the next one is cunnilingus.jpg, which reflects the image
that comes onto the screen by clicking on Cunnilingus.
But my fave part was when former party girl and ex-No Excuses jeans
model Donna Rice-Hughes was mentioned. In the past year, Rice-Hughes
has leveraged her fame from the Gary Hart presidential campaign into a
budding career as a morality crusader at the anti-porn group "Enough
is Enough!" Read on for an excerpt from page 282 of Grey Flannel's
deposition...
Q: Are you acquainted with Kathleen Cleaver?
A: No, I'm not.
Q: Have you ever heard that name?
A: It does not ring a bell, no.
Q: Are you acquainted with Bruce Taylor?
A: Not that I'm aware of, no.
Q: Are you acquainted with Donna Rice?
A: The name Donna Rice rings a bell it seems, but I don't know from what.
[The ACLU attorneys and Pat Russotto from the DoJ can't stop laughing.]
DoJ's Tony Coppolino: "I'll explain later."
ACLU's Margorie Heins: "It's a honest answer."
ACLU's Chris Hansen: "Even Pat couldn't remain serious through that."
DoJ's Tony Coppolino, trying again: "I'll explain later!"
* AFSADAFOSICCI = Air Force Special Agent, Director of the Air Force
Office of Special Investigations, Computer Crime Investigations
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CLOSING ARGUMENTS NOW SET FOR MAY 10
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The closing arguments for our case now are scheduled for May 10, with
April 29 as the deadline for submitting our findings of fact and
conclusions of law -- a lengthy collection of documents that will
include everything we believe we've proved in our case. (Closing
arguments were pushed up to early May since we didn't feel a need to
call any rebuttal witnesses. After all, we had Olsen!)
Our attorneys and the DoJ each will present two hours of closing
arguments on May 10, though the timeframe is flexible. The three-judge
panel likely will issue a decision three or four weeks later, and
appeals will go directly to the Supreme Court.
What will the Philly court decide?
Bruce Taylor, the president of the National Law Center for Children
and Families, told me that he's "confident" the court will uphold the
indecency portions of the CDA. However, the former Federal prosecutor
said he's "worried that the court may accept some of the technical or
infeasibility arguments" against the law.
I'm sure we'll talk more about it on May 9, when I'll be on a panel
at the University of Pennsylvania with Taylor and Cathy Cleaver.
Fortunately, one of the strongest aspects of our case is that we're
correct.
Stay tuned for more reports.
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We're back in court on May 10 for closing arguments.
Quote of the Day: "We teach them proper principles and let them govern
themselves." -Prophet Joseph Smith
Mentioned in this CDA update:
CDA Update #6, with details on Dan Olsen's "-L18" proposal:
<http://fight-censorship.dementia.org/fight-censorship/dl?num=2143>
Brock Meeks on 4/12 and 4/15 hearings:
<http://www.hotwired.com/netizen/96/16/index1a.html>
Mark Eckenwiler's report on the recent CDA forum at Cornell University:
<http://fight-censorship.dementia.org/fight-censorship/dl?num=2226>
CDA forum at the University of Pennsylvania, scheduled for May 9:
<http://dolphin.upenn.edu/~fatf/cda-forum.html>
IETF draft of "Internet Philosophy" article:
<ftp://ds.internic.net/internet-drafts/draft-iab-principles-02.txt>
Net-Guru David Reed's article: "CDA may pervert Internet architecture":
<http://fight-censorship.dementia.org/fight-censorship/dl?num=2093>
Censored by the CDA <http://www.iuma.com/Cyborgasm/>
Dan Olsen at BYU <http://www.cs.byu.edu/info/drolsen.html>
Fight-Censorship list <http://fight-censorship.dementia.org/top/>
BYU's censorship policy <http://advance.byu.edu/pc/releases/guidelines.html>
Rimm ethics critique <http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~declan/rimm/>
Int'l Net-Censorship <http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~declan/zambia/>
CMU net-censorship <http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~kcf/censor/>
University censorship <http://joc.mit.edu/>
Grey Flannel Suit <•••@••.•••>
Carl Kadie's CAF site <http://www.eff.org/CAF/>
Blue Ribbon T-Shirts <http://www.fqa.com/romana/blueribbon.html>
This report and previous CDA Updates are available at:
<http://fight-censorship.dementia.org/top/>
<http://www.eff.org/pub/Legal/Cases/EFF_ACLU_v_DoJ/>
<http://www.epic.org/free_speech/censorship/lawsuit/>
To subscribe to the fight-censorship mailing list for future CDA
updates and related discussions, send "subscribe" in the body of a
message addressed to:
•••@••.•••
Other relevant web sites:
<http://www.eff.org/>
<http://www.aclu.org/>
<http://www.cdt.org/>
<http://www.ala.org/>
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(Note from moderator: I got permission to repost the following article
from the author at Web Review, which is at http://gnn.com/wr. It's
been around the Net already, so I don't believe there's any problem
with your sharing it.--Andy)
Christian Group Targets CompuServe
By Stephen Pizzo
April 17, WASHINGTON -- A pro-family group here
has asked Attorney General Janet Reno to
investigate CompuServe for violating the
Communications Decency Act. It is the first
known request for prosecution under the new law
which is currently facing a court challenge.
Patrick Trueman, director of governmental
affairs for the Washington-based American
=46amily Association wrote Reno earlier this
month requesting that the DOJ open an
investigation of CompuServe "for potential
violations of the Communications Decency Act"
because, the letter said, CompuServe "is
offering pornography and other sexually
oriented material on its on-line service to its
users, including children."
Trueman headed the DOJ's office of Child
Exploitation and Obscenity under the Reagan and
Bush administrations. Last year the AFA sparked
a DOJ investigation into Calvin Klein over
television ads that depicted what appeared to
be underaged adolescents partially undressed
and in sexually suggestive poses. The DOJ
inquiry was dropped after it was determined
that the models were all over 18 years of age.
The AFA identifies itself on its Web site as "a
Christian ministry, based in Tupelo,
Mississippi." The focus of Trueman's ire this
time is a site CompuServe unveiled on March 29
called the MacGlamour Forum. The site provides
adult-oriented graphics, videos, and discussion
groups.
"This is exactly the kind of case the Justice
Department should want to prosecute," said
Trueman. "CompuServe will say that they offer
their parental controls but they put this site
up before parents knew it was going up and
thousands of kids logged on that day."
Since the CDA emerged from Congress as "a very
weak bill," Trueman said, the DOJ needs to take
on clear-cut cases like the CompuServe's
MacGlamour site in order to "scare other online
providers" into restricting indecent material
online that could be accessed by children.
CompuServe denies the MacGlamour site violates
the CDA. "First of all we have not violated the
law," said Daphney Kent, a CompuServe
spokesperson. "In its letter to Ms. Reno, the
AFA kept using the term 'pornography' and we do
not provide pornographic content on CompuServe.
We do provide adult content on our service and
we provide state-of-the-art tools for parents
to block such content."
Kent also noted that the fact that parents were
not warned the MacGlamour site was going up is
not a valid criticism. "We added the site to
our parental blocking list before we put it
up," said Kent. "Any account that had already
selected parental blocking would not have had
access to that site even on the first day."
But Trueman is unswayed. He said CompuServe's
parental controls are not enough. "We have no
control over adults who want to access indecent
materials," said Trueman, "but they should have
to phone CompuServe and prove that they are an
adult at which time they could be given a
password to access the adult site."
CompuServe's chief spokesman, William Giles,
said there are no plans to change the service's
current policy. "We continue to believe that
the best person to decide what children should
or should not have access to are their
parents," said Giles. "We don't want to be put
in the position of deciding what your kids can
and can't see on our service. That's the
parent's responsibility."
Giles said that if CompuServe's parental
controls are not strong enough protection for
some parents they can choose the company's new
"Wow!" service that defaults to a child's menu
of services unless an adult password is
entered.
Trueman responded that, even if a one household
employs CompuServe's parental controls their
neighbor may not be as careful and kids could
get their porn next door instead.
So far CompuServe has not heard from the DOJ.
"We have not been contacted by the Justice
Department and don't expect to be," said Kent.
The DOJ has a policy of not commenting on
requests like the AFA's but for now it may be a
moot matter. The DOJ said it would not
prosecute any CDA-related cases until the
courts decide if the law is constitutional.
But Trueman warned that the DOJ's self-imposed
moratorium on CDA prosecutions is not the same
thing as a grace period. "The law is
enforceable now," said Trueman. "Just because
DOJ has agreed not to investigate or prosecute
CDA violations today does not mean they cannot
go back after the law is upheld and investigate
cases like this one."
Trueman said his group was also worried about
verbal pornography on the Net. But a visit to
Trueman's AFA site contains a link to a page
that graphically lists "homosexual sexual
practices." Trueman said the AFA list is not
the same as an online pornographic discussion.
"We are explaining, not advocating that people
actually perform these sexual practices and
acts," said Trueman.
Copyright =A9 Songline Studios, Inc., 1996.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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Posted by Andrew Oram - •••@••.••• - Moderator: CYBER-RIGHTS (CPSR)
Cyber-Rights: http://www.cpsr.org/cpsr/nii/cyber-rights/
ftp://www.cpsr.org/cpsr/nii/cyber-rights/Library/
CyberJournal: (WWW or FTP) --> ftp://ftp.iol.ie/users/rkmoore
Materials may be reposted in their _entirety_ for non-commercial use.
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