1996-02-23
Craig A. Johnson
In line with Richard Moore's latest call-to-arms, this expose by
Brock Meeks, and his call for a "cybercoalition" may be worthy of
consideration.
--caj
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Date: Fri, 23 Feb 1996 08:46:38 -0500
From: Dave Farber <•••@••.•••>
Subject: IP: A Kick in the Flat-Fee Access by Meeks
To: •••@••.••• (interesting-people mailing list)
A Kick in the Flat-Fee Access
The so-called modem tax, once the cyberspace version of
urban myth, is evolving into reality. Only now it's more
likely to be called the "Internet service tax."
Ten years ago the Federal Communications Commission floated
the idea of charging online services an extra fee for the
time their users spent tying up the phone lines while
accessing their services. The money would have compensated
local telephone companies for the bandwidth these users were
supposedly hogging. The fee most often bandied about then
was US$6 per hour.
The Baby Bells argued that if long distance companies had to
pay "access fees" for using their equipment when connecting
those calls, then online services should pony up, too.
The proposal sent the online community into a rage. The term
"modem tax" was coined and became the anvil upon which the
online community shaped its first protest movement.
In the end, the FCC blinked and agreed to exempt online
services, technically called "Enhanced Service Providers"
(ESPs), from having to pay access fees. The commission
agreed that the industry was young and that levying the
modem tax would drive up prices, causing "sticker shock"
that would rip the industry to shreds.
But the Bells never forgot, and they never forgave the FCC
for screwing them out of that revenue. Recently they've been
trolling the commission halls, briefing FCC staff on why the
ESP exemption has outlived its time. And the FCC is
listening. One powerful tool at their disposal is the new
Telecommunications Act, which requires a new definition of
Universal Service. Buried in that bedrock public policy are
the access fee structures.
The arcane theory behind all this is that residential
telephone rates are priced lower than cost and are
subsidized by higher fees for business and long distance
calls. The phone companies make back from these "subsidies"
what they lose by pricing residential rates below cost.
Muckraker has obtained a 6 October 1995 document called "ESP
Exemption for Online Service Providers - A Rapidly Growing
Subsidy Paid by Access Rate Payers," written by Pacific Bell
and presented to the FCC. The report says that "if access
rates are flowed through" at 60 cents per hour, there would
be "minimal market disruption." It estimates average use of
services such as America Online and CompuServe at six hours
per month, thus adding only $3.60 to the bill. It further
estimates that the average Internet user spends 18 hours
online, thus adding a cost of only $10.80 per month.
These projections of "average use" are bankrupt. Do the
math: 18 hours times 12 months, divided by 365 days = just
36 minutes of Internet use per day. But this hasn't stopped
the FCC from sitting up and taking notice when drafting the
document that would bury flat-fee access.
And the Bells are way ahead of the curve on this issue,
having already sat with the staff and made their pitch. The
public and the online industry have been silent. You've all
made the Bells very happy....
The commission has made no formal decision on the issue.
However, the idea of taxing service providers is attractive
because it's impossible to directly charge the user; after
all, there's no way for the FCC to tell the difference
between the dial tone you used to jack into this column and
the one you used to order that Domino's pizza.
But the FCC can monitor the service provider. How? All
online service providers would have to submit usage reports
to the FCC and cut a check based on those figures. And when
they have to pay by the minute, so will you.
Your local Internet provider wouldn't just "flow through"
the cost; it would build in a profit margin, too. The access
provider also would have to cover the expense of complying
with the new reporting requirements. That's not trivial -
just ask the Bells. As a group, they've bitched and moaned
about such costs ever since they were spawned by the AT&T
breakup.
Fighting this bastard proposal won't be easy. The Bells will
argue that the industry is mature. Reality check: it isn't.
The rapid influx of users proves that many are still wet
behind their cyberspace ears, and the flat user fees have
helped attract many of the neophytes. End flat fees and the
industry takes a big hit. Second, if the FCC acts on its
serious jones to return to "true cost" of service and end
subsidies, your local phone rates will rise, pushing your
online rates up with them.
Sources in the FCC argue that this will eventually lead to
lower rates. They say that as pricing reverts to real cost,
the overall cost of telecommunications services will drop,
despite the fact that some prices will be increasing. Sounds
vaguely Orwellian, doesn't it?
Here's the FCC's rap: long distance and business rates will
drop because they no longer have to subsidize local rates.
The net result will be a reduction in overall costs. Then
competitors will begin to flow into the local loop, FCC
sources claim, because they'll no longer have to compete
with the entrenched Bell company's subsidized rates.
And once competition arrives, services will be offered on
competitive grounds, pitting one company against another in
the free market, further dropping rates. Small problem:
While waiting for the competition to develop, consumers will
be hammered by higher rates.
And then there's the bloodletting. Removing the ESP
exemption would be the death knell for hundreds of smaller,
entrepreneurial Internet Service Providers - the same
companies that are creating jobs and adding to the economy.
Further, such a move would spur buyouts and consolidation,
further reducing competition, defeating the supposedly
intended purpose.
To fight this, a kind of "cybercoalition" is needed, one
that would meld the fire and passion of grass-roots users
with the money and muscle of our newly minted Net
millionaires.
I hope you're listening and that the millionaires aren't too
busy cashing in their stock options to step into the gap.
Your flat-fee access is riding on it.
Meeks out....
[Brock N. Meeks]
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